Dipmeters and borehole images can be run in waterbased or oilbased mud. Overview of borehole seismic methods environmental. Seismic imaging directs an intense sound source into the ground to evaluate subsurface conditions and to possibly detect high concentrations of contamination. Primary use of the ast would be with seismic sensors deployed in an adjacent well or wells to provide cross well imaging or sensor orientation of fracture monitoring instrumentation. Fundamentals of borehole seismic technology borehole seismic data provides the critical depth and velocity parameters needed to link surface seismic data with downhole log and well data.
The borehole seismic images that will be generated using the data recorded with a 200 level 3c array will lower the risk of misplacing. Borehole imaging logs provide video, density, gammaray, acoustic, andor electrical images of the borehole face. We deliver accurate and unbiased results superior to those of larger service companies. Geological survey usgs, seeks to understand, through seismic imaging, the structure of the earth surrounding the saf, including the sedimentary basins on which cities are built. The uncertainty profiles vary with depths and azimuths, revealing the complexity of velocity model uncertainties and providing some clues for further velocity updating. At borehole seismic llc, borehole, surface, and shallowburiedarray microseismic is our specialty. Microseismic image multistage hydraulic fracturing monitoring figure 4. Cross borehole tomography can be thought of as an extension of sonic logging to the reservoir cross section between two boreholes. Seismic imaging of reflectors in the sg4 borehole, middle. The second approach directly compares the differences between the first arrival incident angles measured from 3. Lvl capabilityformation valuation level capability if applicable geophysics borehole seismic services. Pdf seismic imaging using image point transform for.
Borehole seismic services baker hughes, a ge company. Borehole seismic, llc bringing energy production home. Source positions were chosen to provide a borehole seismic image along a northtosouth line parallel to a surface seismic line and about 400 ft 122 m west of the nearest production well. Tomography involves production of an image of a medium from. The improved borehole seismic instrumentation is now driving the development of new, innovative and high resolution processing technologies for borehole seismic data.
Willis earthresourceslaboratory department of earthandplanetarysciences massachusetts institute oftechnology cambridge. Borehole seismic surveys, also known as vertical seismic profiles vsp, are versatile downhole measurement techniques used in the oil field offering significant benefit of linking timebased. From simple timedepth data to imaging deep into the reservoir, we deliver the link between geophysics and geology. Seismic traveltime tomography has been widely used in velocity estimation for seismic data processing and depth imaging. Statement of work seismicreflection, electricalresistivity.
C borehole seismic data and the calculated first arrival incident. Fundamentals of borehole seismic technology schlumberger. Seismic velocity model building in the gulf of mexico. Borehole imaging is an integral part of todays exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs.
Dipmeters are microresistivity logs that detect the orientations of bed boundaries and borehole elongations. From simple timedepth data to imaging deep into the reservoir, we deliver. There are fundamental physical reasons why borehole seismic techniques can provide potentially better answers than conventional surface seismic techniques. The context is, therefore, that of open hole, but some of the tools are closely related to their casedhole equivalents.
Micro seismic image multistage hydraulic fracturing monitoring figure 4. We have over 25 years of continuous microseismic processing, development and application experience covering onsite realtime data acquisition and processing, near real time processing, off site and reprocessing of legacy data. Fundamentals of borehole seismic technology is the second of a series of schlumberger reference books produced for current and future oilfield technical professionals. Applications of borehole imaging to hydrocarbon exploration. Single well seismic imaging and reverse vsp applications for the downhole seismic vibrator. Paper 2029 presented at the 1997 society of exploration geophysicists annual intl. Borehole seismic data processing software halliburton ibhs nextgeneration data processing softwar incorporates advanced proprietary processing techniques to address the basic to the most complex reservoir imaging challenges. Semore offers a fully independent microseismic processing and survey design service based on our proprietary software, divine.
Many subsurface imaging problems cannot be solved without a 3d survey, and when a survey also needs to be performed in the borehole, the solution is 3d vertical seismic profile vsp technology. The information obtained from cross borehole tomography, when properly interpreted in the context of all available information, can often be invaluable for preparing accurate geological cross sections for reservoir development and planning. The salton seismic imaging project ssip, funded jointly by the national science foundation nsf and the u. Five seismic velocity models in the gulf of mexico are diagnosed using the diagnosis methods with up to six sets of borehole seismic data recorded in three wells.
Borehole tomography is apparently a viable method for imaging interhole structure. An image of the subsurface is obtained by applying a depth migration algorithm together with a suitable velocity model. The common depth point cdp seismic section indicates the difficulty in picking a precise reef location from surfacecollected seismic data alone figure 4. Borehole seismic data processing and interpretation. Investigation of unstable slopes and wind turbine sites.
The idea of locating a receiver downhole and a seismic source at surface is not new. An area of ground is imaged, which allows the reconstruction of a model of this internal area. Conventional surface seismic refraction provides soil thicknesses away from the borehole and this information is incorporated into the subs image. With the development of reservoir imaging and characterization projects, the trend is now to requalify borehole seismic as a complementary and necessary tool. High resolution 3d seismic imaging using 3c data from large. Schlumberger customers may acquire complimentary single copies of this book from their schlumberger representative. In the coachella valley, the plates are sliding past one another along the san andreas and related faults fig. Borehole geophysics, velocity analysis, modelling, multicomponent. Schlumberger customers may acquire complimentary single copies of this book from their schlumberger. These processes build the stunning landscapes of the region, but also produce. When the ast is deployed with the geochaintm system it will be possible to provide single well imaging.
Boreholeexplosion and airgun data acquired in the 2011. Borehole seismic imaging a full waveform inversion approach creator. Borehole imaging tools principles and applications by philippe gaillot, tim brewer, philippe pezard, and enchao yeh doi. This crossborehole velocity tomogram from lines 1991, originally shown by harris et al. It is implemented in a borehole either by placing the seismic shots on the surface and taking the measurement in the hole at a varying depth topdown method, or by. This 5 day course explains the principles and applications of borehole imaging with a strong emphasis on practical application to hydrocarbon exploration and production. Borehole imaging tools principles and applications. The term borehole imaging refers to those logging and dataprocessing methods that are used to produce centimeterscale images of the borehole wall and the rocks that make it up. The pages found under surface methods and borehole methods are substantially based on a report produced by the united states department of transportation. Sheline 1998 demonstrated the viability of using a vertical hydrophone array in their borehole reflection imaging programs. The borehole log and a vertical seismic profile section 2. Jones instrument corp,amphenol steward enterprises,appalachian geophysical surveys,auslog pty ltd.
Seismic imaging of reflectors in the sg4 borehole, middle urals, russia. Our borehole seismic services offer application design, data processing, and interpretation for detailed reservoir description that improves production and field development. Borehole optical seismic sonde boss tm boss tm is a completely new innovation for avalon sciences. In addition to standard products, we offer specialty. Rosa, 20, boreholeexplosion and airgun data acquired in the 2011 salton seismic imaging project ssip, southern californiadescription of the survey. All content is posted anonymously by employees working at borehole seismic.
First field test of napl detection with high resolution borehole seismic imaging jil t. These images will demonstrate that the ultralarge borehole seismic array is a highly cost effective geothermal reservoir imaging tool. Seismic reflection, electricalresistivity imaging, and calibration borehole dataacquisition and analysis services broad top coalfield, bedford, fulton, and huntingdon counties, southcentral pennsylvania bureau of geological survey pennsylvania department of conservation and natural resources 2019 i. Nov 19, 20 the salton seismic imaging project ssip, funded jointly by the national science foundation nsf and the u. The highest resolution 3d imaging and monitoring technology for managing oil and gas reservoirs today is provided by large borehole seismic arrays recording 3c data generated by standard surface seismic sources deployed over a wide area around one or several receiver wells. The source and receivers each occupy a number of stations, usually regularly spaced over a depth range that includes the zone of interest in the. Boreholeexplosion and air gun data acquired in the 2011. Boss borehole optical seismic sonde avalon sciences ltd.
High count channels acquisition conclusion to address the current challenges of complex surveys the borehole seismic technology has seen tremendous developments during the last decade on the hardware side. The current industry standard for processing microseismic data builds velocity models with log data sonic log, density log, and perhaps crossdipole sonic. Receivers called geophones, analogous to microphones, pick up echoes that come back up through the ground and record the intensity and time of the echo on computers. Advantages the principle advantage of borehole seismic data is that the frequency content is consistently much higher than surface seismic data recorded over the same location. Orbital vibrator seismic source for simultaneous p and swave crosswell acquisition. For more than half a century, the check shot has helped to correlate time. Comparisons of geophysical and medical imaging cseg. To acquire seismic tomography data, a source of seismic energy is lowered to the survey depth in the source borehole, and receivers are lowered to an appropriate depth in one or more boreholes that are used to record the seismic data. They provide direct access to the measurement of attenuation q, estimation of geometric divergence, identi. At the bhrs, we integrated surface and borehole seismic methods to locate seismic boundaries and better constrain the hydrologic models. Surface and borehole seismic characterization of the boise. First field test of napl detection with high resolution. Property values conform to geologic layers and faults apparent in the seismic image that guided the interpolation. We turn geophysical data into actionable information.
Development and test of a 300c fiber optic borehole seismic. Boreholeimaging logs provide video, density, gammaray, acoustic, andor electrical images of the borehole face. The system is entirely passive downhole with sophisticated electronics remaining at the surface in a controlled environment. Poor seismic imaging in the vicinity of salt domes is a wellknown problem in major hydrocarbon basins such as the gulf of mexico and the north sea.
Qcompensated imaging combines attenuation q1 estimation with attenuationcompensated reverse time migration qrtm. Borehole seismic measurements have also overcome dif. If more than one borehole is available then crosshole seismic imaging can also be done. Investigation of unstable slopes and wind turbine sites with. Krahenbuhl, cericia martinez, yaoguo li, and guy flanagan. Applications structural analysis, control of foundations. The improved borehole seismic instrumentation is now driving the. High resolution 3d seismic imaging using 3c data from. There is a progression in both complexity and benefits from check shot and synthetic seismogram to vertical seismic profiles vsp, three. Seismicreflection, electricalresistivityimaging, and calibrationborehole dataacquisition and analysis services broad top coalfield, bedford, fulton, and huntingdon counties, southcentral pennsylvania bureau of geological survey pennsylvania department of conservation and natural resources 2019 i. This combination provides operators with improved data quality while minimizing rig time. Borehole measurements gridded in this way become new 3d images of subsurface properties.
Borehole seismic, challenges and solutions figure 3. A borehole seismic acquisition system is described with a plurality of sensors arranged so as to identify within the data measured by the pressure sensors p and swave related signals converted at the boundary of the borehole into pressure waves, the sensors being best arranged in groups or clusters sensitive to pressure gradients in one or more directions. Combination of surface and borehole seismic data for robust target. Borehole seismic imaging reservoir characterization. Our customized, reliable, highresolution solutions bridge the gap between surface seismic and the wellbore. May 30, 2014 five seismic velocity models in the gulf of mexico are diagnosed using the diagnosis methods with up to six sets of borehole seismic data recorded in three wells. Pdf borehole seismic surveys, also known as vertical seismic profiles vsp, are versatile. From the imperial valley southward into the gulf of california, plate motions are rifting the continent apart. Borehole seismic quantitative diagnosis of a seismic velocity model for 3d seismic imaging of subsurface structures. Borehole seismic quantitative diagnosis of a seismic. Our internationally acclaimed subsurface imaging centers apply innovative methods to get the most out of potential field, borehole seismic and surface seismic data. The imperial and coachella valleys are being formed by active platetectonic processes.
A site investigation through integration of reservoir properties, seismic imaging, and borehole and surface gravity data richard a. Correlation between crosshole survey, velocity log synthetic seismogram, and surface seismic reflection section. Borehole seismic tools have evolved from singlecomponent sensors to. Borehole seismic tomography enables the definition of the quality of ground. Borehole seismic quantitative diagnosis of a seismic velocity. Our industryleading borehole seismic energy sources and downhole array technologies are supported by our experienced, dedicated experts worldwide. Semore seismic microseismic monitoring services and software.
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